Beer Production Waste Water Treatment
Beer Production Waste Water Treatment
Water consumption in the process of beer production, especially in brewing, can process, due to the use of a large number of fresh water, corresponding to produce large amounts of waste water. Production technology of different quantity of waste water produced is different also. Tons of water consumption of beer, for example, the international advanced level for more than 6 t, domestic manufacturers of up to 12 t, adopt new production process of the brewery can reach the level of 5 ~ 6 t. Are main source of waste water, malt production process of water washing wheat, wheat water, germination cooling spray water, wheat tank water, wash water, sludge wash water; The saccharification process of saccharification water, wash water; The fermentation process of fermentation of wash water, filtering, washing water; Packaging process to wash the bottle of water, sterilizing water and cooling water washing water and finished product workshop.
Beer industrial waste water mainly containing sugar, alcohol and other organic matter, organic matter concentration is higher, although non-toxic, but easy to corrupt, and damage to the aquatic environment. Domestic CODCr content in brewery wastewater is 1 000 ~ 2500 mg/L, BOD5 content is 600 ~ 1 500 mg/L, this wastewater has high biodegradable properties, and contains a certain amount of kjeldahl nitrogen and phosphorus.
Beer industry common wastewater treatment method has the following kinds:
1 good oxygen water treatment technology
Aerobic biological treatment is under the condition of sufficient oxygen, life activities of aerobic microorganisms oxidation of organic matter in the brewery wastewater, its product is carbon dioxide, water and energy release (in water). This kind of method without the use of organic matter in wastewater into consideration, so the processing cost is higher. Activated sludge process, biological membrane method is the representative methods of aerobic biological treatment.
1.1 the activated sludge process
Activated sludge process is medium and low concentration organic wastewater treatment is used in the most reliable, operation method, has the advantages of saving investment, good treatment effect. If the main part of the process is the aeration tank and tank. Waste water into the aeration tank, and activated sludge (contain a large amount of aerobic microorganisms), under the condition of artificial oxygen filling, activated sludge adsorption and oxidative decomposition of organic matter, waste water and sludge and water separation are done by settling basin. China’s pearl river brewery profit people breweries, Shanghai, wuhan, yantai brewery west lake brewery brewery, guangzhou and changchun brewery factory adopts the method of beer wastewater treatment. Batch activated sludge process (SBR) by intermittent aeration can significantly reduce power consumption, at the same time, the waste water processing time is shorter than normal activated sludge process. The introduction of Belgium SBR patent technology, waste water processing time only 19 to 20 h, than normal activated sludge process (10 ~ 11 h, CODCr removal rate is over 96%.
Based on the traditional activated sludge process, the researchers developed a new type of high efficient aerobic biological activated sludge process physiological cycle technology. Its advantage is: use the reactor of the front-end in into the water of the reaction zone as the biological selector on the organic substrate adsorption and absorption, improve the processing efficiency, enhance the stability of the system operation; The operation of the variable volume improves the system adaptability to changes in water quality of water and operation flexibility; According to the principle of biological reaction kinetics, presents the overall push to the flow of wastewater in the reactor flow, and in different area is completely mixed complex flow pattern, not only ensure the stable treatment effect, and improve the utilization rate of the volume; Through to the rate of biological control, make the reactor in aerobic – oxygen – anaerobic state run cycle, has the good effect of denitrification and phosphorus reduction, reduced operating costs. The technology in the pilot stage at present.
1.2 biological contact oxidation method
The process by hydrolytic acidification biological contact oxidation as pretreatment, hydrolysis acidification bacteria through the water metabolism of solid substance hydrolyzed to solubility, macromolecular organic matter degradation into small molecule organic matter. In addition to the hydrolytic acidification of some organic pollutants, improve the wastewater biological sex, are beneficial to the follow-up biological contact oxidation process. The technology on the processing method, process combination and parameter selection is reasonable, make full use of the advantages of each process will pollute material transformation, removing. Adopt the technology of beer wastewater treatment should follow the following requirements: (1) using hydrolytic acidification as pretreatment process when suspended solids removal measures should be taken into account. (2) adopt push biological contact oxidation pool, in order to avoid the front high organic load can be used more water. (3) should strictly control the dissolved oxygen concentration, oxygen deficiency can cause biological membrane widespread loss, leads to the failure of operation.
2 anaerobic – aerobic treatment technologies combined
Anaerobic biological treatment for high concentration organic wastewater, which is under anaerobic conditions by anaerobic bacterial decomposition of organic matter. In this process, participants biodegradable organic matrix of 50% to 90% into biogas (methane), and the remainder after fermentation can be used as high-quality fertilizer and feed. Anaerobic biological process includes a variety of methods, but the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology in wastewater treatment application of the most mature beer. The main part of the UASB reactor is the sludge at the bottom of the bed good flocculation and sedimentation performance anaerobic sludge formed, the upper set up a dedicated gas – liquid – solid separation system (three-phase separation chamber). Wastewater from the bottom of the reactor was added to give a degradation in biological particles upward through the sludge bed, while generating methane (bubbles). Gas, liquid, solid (suspended sludge particles) ascend along a three-phase separation chamber, the gas is collected in the hood, the particles and sludge by gravity sink to the bottom of the reactor, the water is discharged through a weir. This article only describes the two is widely used anaerobic – aerobic treatment technologies combined.
2.1 circulation UASB reactor + oxidation ditch
This process uses anaerobic and aerobic in series mode, using internal circulation anaerobic UASB technology, there is an aerobic process of land elongated pond, in order to reduce construction costs, according to local conditions, by oxidation ditch process. The treatment process is the key equipment UASB reactor, the reactor is the use of anaerobic microbial degradation of organic matter in wastewater, which is divided into the main water distribution system, the reaction zone, the gas – liquid – solid phase separation system, four gas collection system section. Practice shows that circulating UASB reactor + oxidation ditch brewery wastewater treatment is feasible, CODCr removal rate of up to 95%, depending on the circumstances of the seasonal beer production, quality and quantity of adjustable UASB reactor or oxidation ditch Operation in order to further reduce operating costs. For details, see http://www.dowater.com more relevant technical documentation.
2.2 UASB + SBR Process
This process will UASB and SBR two processing units are combined treatment process which highlight the advantages of each form processing unit, the processing flow is simple, as a pre-processing unit of the UASB entire wastewater discharge standards in reducing the concentration of water at the same time recyclable produced biogas as energy. At the same time, due to the significant reduction of organic matter into the aerobic treatment stage, reducing the energy consumption of aeration aerobic treatment stage and sludge production, thus making the entire cost of the wastewater treatment process significantly reduced.
3 brewery wastewater development of recycling economy
Wastewater has a long history of land use. Its purpose is not simply waste water for irrigation, but also according to the principles of ecology, making full use of water resources, while the scientific use of soil – plant purification system to make the system play a secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment effect. Wastewater land use are generally rapid infiltration and overland flow in two ways: the former is characterized most have been added to the waste water into the underlying soil penetration, which is limited to use on the rapid infiltration of sand and sandy clay soil and the like, purification of the wastewater plant is small, mainly physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the waste water from the soil to be addressed; the latter is a fixed-film biological treatment, waste water from the upstream slope flow along ditches plant growth, after flowing through the vegetation surface runoff into the collection drains, waste water purification is mainly accomplished by the biofilm on the slopes, this method is slow to penetrate the soil most applicable.
